By Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development OECD
As we circulation into the twenty first century, the turbulent transformation of financial system and society appears set to proceed. growing to be integration of markets, radical new applied sciences, and the expanding wisdom depth of human job all element to the emergence of an immensely complicated global. yet how will or not it's controlled? And by means of whom? What types of association and decision-making should be required at neighborhood, nationwide and international degrees to satisfy the demanding situations of the following many years? something turns out sure: outdated kinds of governance —in the general public quarter, organizations and civil society —are changing into more and more useless. New kinds of governance can be wanted over the following few many years, to be able to contain a much wider diversity of energetic gamers. This publication explores a number of the possibilities and dangers —economic, social and technological —that decision-makers should tackle within the coming years, and descriptions what has to be performed to foster society's potential to control its destiny extra flexibly and with broader participation of its voters.
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Extra info for Governance in the 21st Century (Oecd Future Studies)
Sample text
As an employer, the government cannot neglect the conditions offered in the private labour market, and as a service provider it must also keep an eye on its competitors. With increasing physical mobility and with privatisation gaining momentum – particularly in recent decades – this type of constraint on government activities has grown in importance. To use Hirschmann’s famous typology (1970), the “exit option” has come to exercise a stronger pressure on governance in many areas while the “voice option” retains its central role in all domains where public authorities still maintain a virtual monopoly.
From the medieval Fürstenspiegel to modern handbooks in policy analysis, there is a vast amount of accumulated experience reflecting the lessons drawn from past successes and failures in government. Statecraft has always drawn on the art of creative imitation. What learning processes are going on in our time? Clearly we are still busy digesting the experience of the 20th century. No very distinct doctrine has as yet emerged from this exercise but some elements or building blocks for future theories may perhaps be discerned, not least in the literature on “reinventing government” and “public entrepreneurialism” (Osborne and Gaebler, 1992).
As demographic changes, the business cycle, and built-in escalator effects conspire to push up costs for established programmes, politicians are frequently confronted with widening gaps in public finance, gaps which to a large extent reflect the ambivalence of the public mind. 40 • With modern industrial production based on an ever growing number of components and engineering techniques, one alarm follows another and with each come new demands for public intervention to keep the expanding spectrum of risk under control.