By Slawomir Tumanski
Whereas magnetic units are utilized in a number functions, the supply of up to date books on magnetic measurements is sort of constrained. accumulating state of the art wisdom from info scattered through the literature, guide of Magnetic Measurements covers a large spectrum of subject matters touching on magnetic measurements. It describes magnetic fabrics and sensors, the trying out of magnetic fabrics, and purposes of magnetic measurements. appropriate for experts in addition to readers with minimum wisdom of magnetic measurements, the e-book starts off with an easy-to-follow creation to the necessities of magnetic measurements. It then bargains a accomplished evaluate of varied sleek magnetic fabrics, corresponding to delicate and difficult magnetic fabrics and skinny magnetic movies. The textual content additionally describes all widely used magnetic box sensors, together with inductive, fluxgate, corridor, magnetoresistive, resonance, SQUID, magnetoelastic, and magnetooptical sensors. the ultimate chapters talk about the nondestructive trying out of fabrics and discover functions on the topic of magnetic measurements, together with magnetic diagnostics in drugs, magnetoarcheology, and magnetic imaging. an intensive assessment of magnetic measurements, this guide is helping readers navigate the occasionally impenetrable phrases of the sector. It additionally assists them within the quest to layout electromagnetic units in a more advantageous manner.
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Extra resources for Handbook of Magnetic Measurements (Series in Sensors)
Sample text
After application of the stress σ, the domains with directions coinciding with the direction of the stress change their dimensions. 36 Hysteresis of the magnetostriction. , Przegl. 33). 53) In some materials, stress can improve its parameters, which is the reason why the electrical steel is often covered by special insulation coating that creates tensile stress in the material. 38) (Kaleta et al. 1996). ), the performances of the final product can be significantly worse than the performances of the virgin material (Wilczynski et al.
74) Moreover, precession of individual spins start with different Larmor frequencies and phases and only after certain time is obtained the equilibrium condition. 75) During observation of the free precession, we try to decrease the relaxation time because it prolongs the time of sampling. In medicine applications (NMR tomography), the investigated patient is placed in a nonuniform static magnetic field and by changing the frequency of an alternating field, we can localize a given part of a body.
Beside the thin film, the magnetoresistive effect also appears in some crystal materials—for example, extraordinary large effect called colossal magnetoresistance was discovered in manganese-based perovskite oxides (Jin 1994, Tumanski 2001). In colossal magnetoresistors, it is possible to switch between insulator and conductor state (magnetoresistance as high as 108% (Chen 1996). Unfortunately, colossal effect requires low temperature (below 100 K) and large magnetic field (above 2000 kA/m). In thin-film ferromagnetic structures and in ferromagnetic nanowires supplied by high-frequency current, large (even 400% for a relatively small magnetic field not exceeding 1 kA/m) change of impedance, giant magnetoimpedance (GMI) effect is detectable.