By Henri Lammens
In this publication, initially released in 1929, Lammens is essentially desirous about the matter of Mohammad’s character and prophetic profession – one of many primary problems with Islamic background. He argues that Mohammad’s profession has to be thought of in the context of the city and mercantile society of 17th century Mecca and rejects the concept that Islam was once mostly the construction of a nomadic atmosphere.
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Extra resources for Islam: Beliefs and Institutions (Routledge Library Editions) (Volume 5)
Sample text
Having hastened to Medina on pretext of renewing the Hudaibiyya pact, the Quraishite leader undertook secretly to facilitate his son-in-law's entry into his native town. He would distract the attention of his fellow-citizens and prevent them from taking any military precautions. On his side, Muhammad would give full amnesty for the past, and would respect the immunities and the ancient organization of Mekka, where the pagan cult was to be officially forbidden. Muhammad seems even to have consented not to take up his abode there: an agent whom he would nominate would represent him, and apart from this the Quraishites could govern themselves according to their ancient customs.
It is difficult to over-estimate the influence of the Qoran on the formation of Muslim mentality. All Muslims admit without question the miracle of the ‘i‘jaz’, that is, the insuperability of the Qoran. Not even the united efforts of men and jinns could succeed in composing a fragment comparable with it (Qoran 2, 21; 17, 90). It is in the mould of this divine book, existing in heaven from all eternity under the guardianship of the angels (30, 13-15), that the Islamic conception of the world has been fashioned.
Their rabbis never ceased to harass him with their MUHAMMAD: THE FOUNDER OF ISLAM 29 disputations and their gibes; their poets riddled him with epigrams. Provoked beyond endurance, Muhammad declared them ‘the worst enemies of Islam' (Qoran 9, 85). Having renounced the idea of convincing them, he thought at first to intimidate them by the murder of their principal chiefs. Later, when he felt secure as regards Mekka, he adopted still more radical measures against these obstinate opponents. BATTLES, BADR.