Official Leadership in the City: Patterns of Conflict and by James H. Svara

By James H. Svara

The load of addressing the issues of city society fall more and more on towns because the federal executive cuts again household spending. This publication examines the jobs of mayors, councils, and directors in governing and handling their towns. Positing that the inner dynamics of urban governments are mostly formed by means of their buildings, the writer exhibits how council-manager governmental constructions frequently foster extra cooperation than do mayor-council constructions. Svara offers contrasting types of interplay between officers within the varieties and indicates how clash and cooperation have an effect on the functionality of officers within the buildings; he contends that right figuring out of the jobs and behaviour acceptable to every will bring about equivalent effectiveness among the two.

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Extra resources for Official Leadership in the City: Patterns of Conflict and Cooperation

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By extension, these same conditions, with alterations, can be used to explain the bases for "pure" cooperation. The two sets of conditions are presented in Table 2-1. Whereas Axelrod explains why accommodation emerges within a conflictual pattern of interaction, the second set of conditions explains why a cooperative pattern occurs. 15 The absence of a central authority is the condition of city governments with a separation of powers between the executive and legislature, and bureaucracies often have independent power resources.

Relationship of Patterns to Political and Service Functions There is a superficial similarity between the conflictual and cooperative patterns and the political and service functions advanced by Banfield and Wilson. Distinguishing between the two approaches is important to clarify the nature of the interactional patterns. The political and service 38 I Official Leadership in the City functions refer to purposes for which government is organized. 21 The latter entails the provision of essential services that people in cities require of government.

Failure to coordinate activities is a common impediment to aligning contributions from several participants. Misunderstanding of goals or divergence in interpretation of how goals should be translated into actions can produce disagreement. Intrusion, such as telling someone else how to handle their part of a joint undertaking, excessively broad or narrow definitions of scope of Patterns of Conflict and Cooperation I 33 responsibilities, or withholding contributions all interfere with cooperative action.

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