By Kwong-leung Tang
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Additional resources for Social Welfare Development in East Asia
Sample text
Several lines of reasoning have been developed by scholars to explain the expanding role of social welfare. Deyo (1981, 1992) argues that the East Asian developmental states have made use of social welfare Theories of Comparative Social Policy 31 as a means to further their national goals. Castells and his associates (1990) believe that the course of capitalist development in East Asia inevitably made the states invest in social infrastructure to guarantee the reproduction of labour. Other researchers take note of the importance of the geopolitics faced by these Asian countries.
A series of crises hit this city-state. Singapore merged temporarily with Malaysia in 1963, which triggered Indonesian indignation and a termination of the entrepot trade. The situation worsened, becoming tense when Singapore was expelled in 1965 from the Malaysian union. Since then, there had been constant conflicts between Malaysia and Singapore. In 1968, the British announced their withdrawal east of the Suez Canal, closing their military base in Singapore, which accounted for about onefifth of the island’s GDP and employment respectively (Low, 1998).
To Kim, the developmental state of Korea is no longer seen as autonomous. The autonomous state has its own inherent contradictions. Rather, its role and influences are more limited once the economy has developed. In the process, business influences grow rapidly and are able to override the state in important matters. As the state attains economic development, its nature changes from a comprehensive developmental state to a more limited one. The evolution of Asian developmental states is linked to the underdevelopment of social welfare.