By Robert Pickering, Kit Eason
This publication is a smart starting place for exploring functional-first programming and its position in the way forward for program improvement. The best-selling advent to F#, now completely up-to-date to model 4.0, may also help you examine the language and discover its new features.
F# 4.0 is a mature, open resource, cross-platform, functional-first programming language which empowers clients and businesses to take on complicated computing issues of easy, maintainable and strong code. F# is additionally a completely supported language in visible Studio and Xamarin Studio. different instruments assisting F# improvement contain Emacs, MonoDevelop, Atom, visible Studio Code, elegant textual content, and Vim.
Beginning F#4.0 has been completely up-to-date that will help you discover the recent good points of the language including:
- Type Providers
- Constructors as firstclass functions
- Simplified use of mutable values
- Support for high-dimensional arrays
- Slicing syntax help for F# lists
Reviewed through Don Syme, the manager architect of F# at Microsoft examine, Beginning F#4.0 is a smart origin for exploring practical programming and its position sooner or later of program development.
Read or Download Beginning F# 4.0 PDF
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Extra resources for Beginning F# 4.0
Example text
The fourth case will match any value of x greater than 2, and this will cause two further calls to the luc function. The rules are matched in the order in which they are defined, and the compiler will issue a warning if pattern matching is incomplete; that is, if there is some possible input value that will not match any rule. This would be the case in the luc function if you had omitted the final rule, because any values of x greater than 2 would not match any rule. The compiler will also issue a warning if there are any rules that will never be matched, typically because there is another rule in front of them that is more general.
The pattern-matching syntax for pulling the head item off a list is the same as the syntax for concatenating an item to a list. The pattern is formed by the identifier representing the head, followed by :: and then the identifier for the rest of the list. You can see this in the first rule of concatList in the next example. You can also pattern match against list constants; you can see this in the second rule of concatList, where there is an empty list. // list to be concatenated let listOfList = [[2; 3; 5]; [7; 11; 13]; [17; 19; 23; 29]] // definition of a concatenation function let rec concatList l = match l with | head :: tail -> head @ (concatList tail) | [] -> [] // call the function let primes = concatList listOfList // print the results printfn "%A" primes This example, when executed, returns the following: [2; 3; 5; 7; 11; 13; 17; 19; 23; 29] Taking the head from a list, processing it, and then recursively processing the tail of the list is the most common way of dealing with lists via pattern matching, but it certainly isn’t the only thing you can do with pattern matching and lists.
Let myOr b1 b2 = match b1, b2 with | true, _ -> true | _, true -> true | _ -> false 35 CHAPTER 3 ■ FUNCTIONAL PROGRAMMING let myAnd p = match p with | true, true -> true | _ -> false printfn printfn printfn printfn "(myOr true false) = %b" (myOr true false) "(myOr false false) = %b" (myOr false false) "(myAnd (true, false)) = %b" (myAnd (true, false)) "(myAnd (true, true)) = %b" (myAnd (true, true)) This example, when executed, returns the following: (myOr true false) = true (myOr false false) = false (myAnd (true, false)) = false (myAnd (true, true)) = true The myOr function has two Boolean parameters, which are placed between the match and with keywords and are separated by commas to form a tuple.