By Mohamed Abou-Donia
Mammalian Toxicology surveys chemical brokers and examines how such chemical substances impression on human future health, emphasizing the significance in minimizing environmental publicity to chemical and actual risks in our houses, groups and places of work via such media as infected water, soil and air.
Starting with the fundamental ideas on quite a lot of poisonous brokers, this textbook describes how they input the physique, their mechanisms of motion as soon as inside of, and techniques for prognosis, prevention and treatment.
Topics coated include:
- General rules of toxicology: pharmacological and toxicological ideas underpinning the examine of toxicology, danger checks and mechanisms of mobilephone death
- Disposition: routes of chemical exposures, access into the physique and diverse tissues, garage, metabolic biotransformation and removing, with examples from a variety of toxicants.
- Toxic agents: the occurrences, disposition within the physique, healthiness results, poisonous mechanisms, antidotes and coverings of quite a number brokers together with insecticides, metals, solvents, gases, nanomaterials, nutrients parts and ingredients, prescription drugs, medications of abuse, common pollution, endocrine disruptors, radiation, and war weapons.
- Toxic effects: together with neurotoxicity, developmental toxicity, immunotoxicity, teratogenecity, female and male reproductive toxicity, mutagenecity, carcinogenicity, pulmonary toxicity, cardiovascular toxicity, hepatotoxicity, gastrointestinal toxicity and cardiovascular toxicity
- Toxicology and society: epidemiological reports of chemical-induced ailments in human populations, and a imaginative and prescient for toxicology within the 21st century.
Mammalian Toxicology is a necessary primer for college kids of toxicology, biochemistry, biology, drugs and chemistry. it's also applicable for pro toxicologists in examine or regulatory affairs, and a person who must comprehend the hostile results of poisonous brokers at the human body.
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Extra info for Mammalian Toxicology
Example text
Changes in behavior. Signs of autonomic nervous system effects, such as tear production, salivation, and diarrhea. Changes in respiratory rate and depth. Cardiovascular changes, such as flushing. Central nervous system changes, such as tremors, convulsion, and coma. Time of death. General Principles 9 r Necropsy results. r Histopathological findings of the brain, spinal cord, and sciatic nerve. 6 Acute Toxicity Acute toxicity occurs shortly after the administration of a single dose, which is rapidly absorbed.
R Clinical chemistry, including glucose, creatinine, uric acid, sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, chloride, serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, iron, total protein, albumin, globulin. 12 Mammalian Toxicology r Gross and microscopic examination of brain, heart, liver, kidney, spleen, testes, thyroid, adrenal (and weights of the eight aforementioned organs), aorta, bone, bone marrow smear, gallbladder, esophagus, jejunum, cecum, colon, lung, lymph node, sciatic nerve, parathyroid, pituitary, salivary gland, epididymis, prostate.
4 Animals Species Selection Animal species whose response to the neurotoxic effects of a test compound is similar to that of humans should be used. For example, not all rodents are sensitive to OPIDN, and hence the animal of choice required by the US EPA is the adult chicken. Other considerations are drug metabolism and the pharmacokinetics of drugs among various species in comparison to humans. For example, organophosphates are metabolized much faster in the mouse and rat, which may explain the insensitivity of these species to OPIDN.