By Kent Olson
The prime resource for toxicologic emergencies -- revised and up-to-date! A Doody's middle name crucial buy! four big name DOODY'S evaluate! "This is a wonderful source for poison keep watch over facilities, toxicologists, and healthcare practitioners for the prognosis, remedy, and administration of poisonings due to publicity to a large choice of business, healing, illicit, and environmental chemicals."--Doody's evaluate provider With every one bestselling version, Poisoning & Drug Overdose has helped poison keep watch over employees, scientific toxicologists, and emergency physicians reply to drug-related emergencies and chemical exposures. the hot variation of this extraordinary, at-a-glance consultant bargains the most recent suggestion wanted for the potent analysis and therapy of poisoning and drug overdose. The 5th variation beneficial properties: serious insights into well timed issues resembling organic struggle brokers and the most recent antidotes up to date info on business chemical compounds, together with the latest regulatory publicity limits increased info, together with particular being pregnant issues Easy-to-read textual content and tables containing particular drug dosage info certain desk summarizing present toxicity and place of work publicity instructions for greater than 500 business chemical compounds vast cross-referencing accomplished index that includes typical, chemical, and model names for lots of medications and advertisement items
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Extra resources for Poisoning & Drug Overdose, 5 e 2006
Example text
Administer bronchodilators: a. 5–5 mg] in nebulizer). 5 mg/kg/h). b. 5 mg every 4–6 hours, especially if excessive cholinergic stimulation is suspected. c. For reactive airways, consider inhaled or oral steroids. 5. For patients with bronchospasm and bronchorrhea caused by organophosphorus or other cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning, give atropine (see Atropine and Glycopyrrolate) intravenously. b above) may also be helpful. Table I–1. Selected Drugs and Toxins Causing Ventilatory Failurea Paralysis of ventilatory muscles Depression of central respiratory drive Botulinum toxin (botulism) Antihistamines Neuromuscular blockers Barbiturates Nicotine Clonidine and other sympatholytic agents Organophosphates and carbamates Ethanol and alcohols Saxitoxin ("red tide") Gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB) Snakebite Opioids Strychnine and tetanus (muscle rigidity) Phenothiazines and antipsychotic drugs Tetrodotoxin Sedative-hypnotics Warfare nerve gases Tricyclic antidepressants aAdapted in part, with permission, from Olson KR, Pentel PR, Kelly MT: Physical assessment and differential diagnosis of the poisoned patient.
Differential diagnosis. Rule out the following: 1. Head trauma or other causes of intracranial bleeding. 2. Abnormal levels of blood glucose, sodium, or other electrolytes. 3. Hypoxia. 4. Hypothyroidism. 5. Liver or renal failure. 6. Environmental hyperthermia or hypothermia. 7. Serious infections such as encephalitis and meningitis. D. Treatment 1. Maintain the airway and assist ventilation if necessary (see Airway). Administer supplemental oxygen. 2. Give dextrose, thiamine, and naloxone. a. Dextrose.
Examples of drugs or toxins causing hypoxia are listed in Table I–2. Hypoxia can be caused by the following conditions: 1. Insufficient oxygen in ambient air (eg, displacement of oxygen by inert gases). 2. Disruption of oxygen absorption by the lung (eg, resulting from pneumonia or pulmonary edema). a. Pneumonia. The most common cause of pneumonia in overdosed patients is pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents. Pneumonia may also be caused by intravenous injection of foreign material or bacteria, aspiration of petroleum distillates, or inhalation of irritant gases.